The Classification Of Portal Cranes

Portal cranes can be divided into the following types according to different structural types:

1.Based on the structure type of the portal frame：

Portal cranes can be divided into full portal, semi-portal cranes and bucket portal cranes. Semi-portal cranes do not have a complete portal frame, and their two running tracks are not on the same horizontal plane. One is laid on the ground and the other is laid in the warehouse or a specially built trestle.

Bucket portal cranes, commonly known as bucket gantry cranes, have their own cargo conveying devices, which combine the functions of portal cranes, ship loaders and unloaders. Compared with traditional portal cranes, bucket gantry cranes have the advantages of high automation, strong professionalism, high loading and unloading efficiency, simple operation, low energy consumption, low environmental pollution, etc. They can greatly improve the loading and unloading efficiency of port bulk cargo and reduce the port loading and unloading cost. At present, the port loading and unloading has been developing from the general-purpose dock to the specialized dock, and the port loading and unloading efficiency has been greatly improved. However, in the face of the market of various loading and unloading cargo types, the single cargo type of the specialized dock loading and unloading machinery has caused obvious defects in the port loading and unloading, and the birth of the bucket gantry crane has made up for the defects of the port loading and unloading machinery. Bucket gantry cranes are different from portal cranes and unloaders. Bucket gantry cranes are professional equipment for port bulk cargo loading and unloading, with a high degree of automation. Their dock gauge is only 10.5 meters, while the dock gauge of unloaders is more than 16 meters. In addition, the bucket gantry crane has a compact portal frame structure, small equipment volume, small dock area, low failure rate, superior performance, and also has the function of portal crane that can rotate, which can take into account the loading and unloading of general cargo, and increase the diversity of user dock loading and unloading cargo types. Because it can load and unload different kinds of bulk cargo, and also can load and unload general cargo, it has strong adaptability and high versatility to the loading and unloading cargo types on the dock, and is popular with the owners in the port equipment procurement. In recent years, the demand for bucket gantry cranes in the port machinery market has been increasing.

The loading and unloading dock using bucket gantry cranes, compared with the ordinary dock gantry cranes, optimizes the traditional bulk cargo loading and unloading process. In the past, bulk cargo was unloaded from the gantry crane to the dock, and then transferred to the yard by the transfer dump truck, and then piled up in the yard. Now, the bucket gantry crane directly transmits the bulk cargo to the dock belt through the belt on the machine, and continuously transfers it to the back yard, reducing the transfer in the middle, which not only improves the efficiency but also reduces the energy consumption. Users found through the use of comparison that the loading and unloading efficiency of bucket gantry crane bulk cargo loading and unloading process is more than three times that of the traditional loading and unloading process. Belt conveying bulk cargo, greatly reducing the spillage of goods, avoiding the loss of bulk cargo of the owner. The dust removal device of the hopper, the full sealing setting of the belt conveying and so on, also greatly improve the environmental protection of the dock. Through the belt flow detection equipment, accurately grasp the bulk cargo flow, and further improve the scientific management of the dock.

The bucket gantry crane has a complex portal frame structure and many electrical control programs. Compared with the portal crane, it has more design features such as the telescopic mechanism of the main beam, the conveying system and the hopper system. It also has all the functions of the port common equipment gantry crane. For the manufacturers, it not only increases the technical content, but also increases the production difficulty, thus becoming a criterion to test the design level and production capacity of the port machinery manufacturers.

2.Based on the structure type of the lifting boom.

Portal cranes can be divided into two types: four-bar linkage boom portal cranes and single boom portal cranes. Four-bar linkage boom portal cranes can be divided into traditional four-bar portal cranes and double four-bar portal cranes. Double four-bar portal cranes are designed to meet the needs of lifting containers. In order to prevent the containers from tilting and rotating during lifting, a small four-bar device is added to the traditional four-bar boom, which realizes the stable lifting and loading and unloading of containers, and can easily switch various lifting tools. The biggest advantage of four-bar portal cranes is that the net height under the boom is large, so the total height of the crane is low under a certain lifting height requirement, but the structure is complex and the weight is large, while the single boom is opposite to the above.

Classified according to different purposes and occasions of use：

Portal cranes can be divided into port portal cranes and shipbuilding portal cranes. In addition, according to the different loading and unloading purposes of the port, they can be divided into general-purpose portal cranes and special-purpose portal cranes. General-purpose portal cranes are used for general cargo docks, using hooks or grabs as lifting tools. Special-purpose portal cranes are used for special docks or single cargo types, such as lifting coal, grain, etc. In addition to using hooks and grabs as lifting tools, they are also equipped with special-purpose equipment. Such as bucket portal cranes, specially equipped with hoppers, belt conveyors and other equipment.

1.Loading and unloading portal cranes: mainly used for ports and open-air stockyards, using grabs or hooks for loading and unloading. The lifting capacity is generally not more than 50 tons, and does not vary with the amplitude. The working speed is high, so the productivity is often an important indicator.

2.Shipbuilding portal cranes: mainly used for shipyards, floating docks and outfitting sites, carrying out ship body assembly, equipment outfitting and other lifting operations, using hooks as lifting tools. The maximum lifting capacity is up to 300 tons, and the lifting capacity decreases accordingly when the amplitude is large. There are multiple lifting speeds, and the lifting speed can be increased when the weight is light. Some working mechanisms are also equipped with micro-motion devices to meet the installation requirements. Portal cranes with high portal height can meet the requirements of large lifting height and large amplitude operation, but the working speed is low and the operation productivity is not high.